The further up the ladder of home energy saving you go, the more complicated it becomes and the more help and advice you need. This event was a very useful reminder of that, but it also reinforced the point that the early steps – draught-proofing and easy-to-access insulation – can be quick wins. On this, it’s never too late to make a start and to keep on top of it.
This Grange Association (GA) community get-together was anchored by Edinburgh Building Retrofit and Improvement Collective (EdinBRIC), a non-commercial, independent, member-led enterprise with both a RIAS and a RICS professional at the helm, currently in receipt of support from Edinburgh Community Climate Fund provided by the City of Edinburgh Council. The meeting also covered case-studies illustrating the practical home retrofit experience of three GA members. (For more detail, contact
EdinBRIC is a knowledge and services network for re-shaping domestic energy consumption, in the home and in the community. It hinges on the Resilient Community concept. Take a look here:
About us – Edinburgh Building Retrofit and Improvement Collective (edinbric.scot)
In the same vein, Loco Home Retrofit CIC is a Glasgow-based co-operative (regulated by the Community Interest Company Regulator) with the same focus of improving the existing fabric of household buildings by reducing energy demand and moving on to low-carbon heating sources. Learn more here:
Loco Home Retrofit CIC Limited – Glasgow's Retrofit Co-operative
Both enterprises stand ready to bring together households, tradespeople and professionals to chart the complicated path towards home energy retrofit, leading from problem through knowledge share to solution. Whether the starting point is single household or shared ownership or residents’ association, community groups like EdinBRIC and Loco Home Retrofit begin to open up the ‘How to go about it’ manual.
See if what they have to say has any pointers for you. Check, too, with Home Energy Scotland ( About us · Home Energy Scotland ) and its network of local advice centres. If you have ideas to share with EACC, please get in touch.
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Local Heat & Energy Efficiency Strategy (November 2023)
Summary and assessment by Sarah Mehrabi of Clean Heat Edinburgh Forum
(Received 18 Jan 2024)
The Strategy
The Edinburgh Local Heat and Energy Efficiency Strategy (LHEES) is a long-term strategic framework aimed at improving the energy efficiency of buildings in the local authority's area and reducing greenhouse gas emissions resulting from heating. The strategy aligns with the Scottish Government's target of decarbonizing the heating of all buildings in Scotland by 2045 and the Council's goal of making Edinburgh a net zero carbon city by 2030.
The strategy sets out three central principles: taking a whole-system view, having an inclusive energy transition, and implementing a smarter local energy model. It also establishes two main targets: for 50% of Scotland's energy consumption to be supplied from renewable sources by 2030 and for a 30% increase in energy use productivity across the Scottish economy by 2030.
The strategy identifies key actions to support the transition to a climate-friendly energy system, including boosting advisory services for energy efficiency, providing support to remote and rural off-grid communities, and developing specialist knowledge and skills in retrofitting and zero emissions heating systems.
The document highlights the local policy landscape, with a focus on accelerating energy efficiency in homes and buildings and enabling the development of a citywide program for heat and energy generation and distribution. It also emphasises the importance of retrofitting social housing, developing regional renewable energy solutions, and establishing an Energy Efficient Public Buildings Partnership.
The strategy's findings highlight several challenges specific to Edinburgh's building stock, such as a high proportion of flats and mixed-tenure buildings, existing gas grid connections, an aged housing stock with listed buildings, and a significant number of homes with uninsulated walls. The analysis identifies strategic zones that provide potential pathways for decarbonizing the building stock and areas of pressure in terms of energy efficiency.
Overall, the Edinburgh LHEES aims to drive interventions and mobilise stakeholders to achieve the targets of energy efficiency and decarbonization, recognizing the need for significant resources and collaboration between the public and private sectors.
The Delivery Plan
The key points of the Delivery Plan for the Local Heat and Energy Efficiency Strategy of The City of Edinburgh Council for the years 2024-2028 are as follows:
1. On 15 December, CEC’s Policy & Sustainability Committee receives the Council’s Draft Local Heat and Energy Efficiency Strategy (LHEES) and the related Draft Delivery Plan. Scot Gov has mandated all Local Authorities to prepare this kind of detailed thinking for the road to Net Zero Emissions by 2045. You’ll find the full set of documents in the Public Document Pack, Agenda Item 5.2, on Page 111. There is a lot of reading here. It is a very commendable piece of work, led by CEC Programme Development Officer, Kyle Drummond.
2. The LHEES papers are preceded (on Page 36) by the submission of the Draft Climate Ready Edinburgh (CRE) Plan 2024-2030, with a public consultation to follow. The CRE Plan updates risk assessments of why and where the city needs to adapt, building on big themes like Planning and the Built Environment, Coastal Adaptation, Sustainable Transport, the Natural Environment, Community Support and Climate Justice. It goes almost without saying that “as this work develops….the need for additional investment will become more acute”.
3. The CRE Plan is strong on concept and has a ‘vision thing’ – “Edinburgh will be a thriving, fair, resilient city and region where people, communities and nature flourish in a changing climate”. By contrast the Edinburgh LHEES and the Delivery Plan which follows (Page 293) are deep on detail, setting out ‘baseline analyses’ of where the city’s building stock falls short on energy efficiency, where it exacerbates fuel poverty and where it runs high on carbon emissions. The Delivery Plan translates analysis into activity and goes on to identify, almost by grid reference, a series of ‘priority areas of focus’ (also termed ‘strategic zones’) where walls and lofts will be insulated, heat pumps installed and heat networks stitched together. (The high-level ‘principles’ governing ‘how to start’ priorities are set out on Page 135. The high level ‘Considerations’ shaping the ‘pathways to decarbonisation’ – ‘how to get there’ – are summarised on Page 163. The mapping starts on Page 249.)
4. All of this goes towards identifying “a portfolio of projects that could potentially be delivered, or at least initiated/progressed, during the Delivery Plan period (2024 to 2028), subject to the necessary resources and powers being available” (Page 308). Note the conditionality. Specified are eight Delivery Areas relating to Energy Efficiency, 10 Delivery Areas relating to Heat Pumps and 17 prospective Heat Network Zones; a total of 35 physical intervention project localities. (Other declared projects include high-rise housing retrofit, old and historic properties retrofit and green heat.)
5. This is detailed drawing-board work (mapped from Page 319). Here are some of the acknowledged limitations. On Energy Efficiency: the interventions will not pay for themselves over time; they would likely need to be partly or wholly subsidised. On Heat Pumps: there are significant obstacles to embarking on any large-scale installation programme. On Heat Network Zones: how to plan and undertake the large-scale excavation which then disrupts almost every other element of city infrastructure.
6. The full Delivery Plan Schedule of Actions to be led by a new “LHEES Office” is set out on Page 390. There is much to be done, all of it hinging on the adoption of core high-level Principles to guide a “20-year journey to decarbonisation”. Here are some of the strands of thinking embodied within these Principles: Behavioural change will be vital. / There has to be a major structural change in electricity pricing. / “The capital costs of implementing the Edinburgh LHEES are vast.” / “…the Council does not currently have a budget in place for the delivery of the Edinburgh LHEES.” / “…additional powers to compel change will be required to deliver heat carbonisation in a timeous manner.” / “…there are significant pressures on the availability of skills associated with heat decarbonisation.”
7. The LHEES Office is on a Scot Gov grant budget of £75k per annum for five years out to 2028. That is more or less all that is in the Council’s kitty so far for this massive decarbonisation project. The Council is currently facing “severe stress on its budget”. In prospect is a long-running programme whose “targets will be extremely challenging”, calling for “large-scale activity by both the public sector and the private sector and the commitment of significant resources”.
8. This is, in essence, a city redesign project. “The total cost of delivering the Edinburgh LHEES – i.e. of improving the energy efficiency and decarbonising the heat of every building in Edinburgh – will be in the order of several billion pounds over the next 20+ years.” “A wide variety of stakeholders will require to be mobilised towards these goals.” Note that last verb. Be prepared to be disturbed.
Appendix
Energy Efficiency Delivery Areas
Restalrig & Lochend / Bingham & Magdalene / Restalrig & Craigentinny
The Calders / Granton, Wardieburn & Royston / Niddrie & Craigmillar
Clovenstone & Wester Hailes / Muirhouse
Heat Pump Delivery Areas
Lochend Butterfly Way / Waterfront Park / Robertson Avenue
Fountainbridge / Oxgangs Avenue / West Pilton Grove
Craigour Place / Elgin Street / Morrison Crescent
Craighouse Gardens
Heat Network Zones
New Town / Leith Walk / Old Town & Southside / Gorgie & Dalry
Craigleith / Granton / Leith / Portobello & Seafield
Morningside / South East Edinburgh / Colinton Mains
South West Edinburgh / Heriot-Watt / Sighthill & Gyle / Ingliston
South Queensferry / Second New Town
Reference:
Policy & Sustainability Committee Papers, 15 December 2023
Agenda Item 5.2
Edinburgh Local Heat and Energy Efficiency Strategy and Delivery Plan
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Bill Rodger (Trinity CC) looks at the DHN role in local energy strategy:
Background
Still rare in the UK, District Heating Networks (DHN) are common in Europe. Well over a century old, the technology has seen several generations of improvement. DHNs move heat around using warm water rather than fuel and generally share a common heat source. That may be waste heat, a large boiler or an industrial scale heat pump. The greenness of their output is largely determined by the greenness of the heat source but because upgrading the heat source immediately upgrades potentially hundreds of individual homes DHN offers future proofing while technological change advances.
Modern materials have hugely improved DHN efficiency (5% heat loss over 40 km is claimed). This means that a diverse portfolio of heat sources can be incorporated and continually upgraded.
Inside the house, making the switch to DHN generally means replacing your (almost certainly gas) boiler with a (slightly smaller) heat exchanger. Your radiators continue to function.
Looking forward
Scottish Government requires all 32 LA’s to produce a Local Heat and Energy Efficiency Strategy (LHEES). Edinburgh’s will shortly go to consultation. In setting out the framework for LHEES Scottish Government listed 3 broad technology groups - Energy Efficiency, Heat Pumps and DHN.
Scotland already has some DHNs but they are small scale. Aberdeen Heat & Power operates 5 small networks mostly introduced to combat fuel poverty. Edinburgh has around 150 sites where individual buildings share a common boiler but only a single network connecting several Edinburgh University buildings. However there are well advanced plans for DHN at Granton Waterfront and Shawfair.
Scotland’s targets imply a sevenfold increase over the next 7 years. In cities, where potential is greatest, this will be much higher. Early indications from Edinburgh's LHEES suggest that DHNs have the potential to cover over 50% of Edinburgh's population. Commercial arrangements will need to be struck for investment in the areas with greatest potential and the ongoing provision of the service. Scottish Futures Trust is backing DHN.
Experience from Scandinavia highlights that network benefits increase exponentially with scale implying a discussion about investment in infrastructure to hasten DHN take-up and keep individual connection costs low. Private investment will need to be leveraged. Government regulation is needed to avoid market abuse and to harmonise technical standards so that the full advantages of an integrated network can be achieved.
The future for heating the UK’s homes will not remain as it is now with a single dominant fuel. For the individual householder, DHN should be seen as one of several tools to reach Net Zero. It will therefore be important for Edinburgh’s residents to be aware of the likelihood and timescales for DHN to be introduced into their area so that they can take an informed decision when it comes to replacing their boiler.
Nor should DHN be seen in isolation. Rather it needs considered in conjunction with other measures – as should heat pumps. Improving the insulation in your home will also be advisable and brings immediate benefits in lower fuel bills.
Role for Community Councils and EACC
EACC will continue working with other organisations to keep CCs informed and, through them, individual families. DHN implies some disruption including roadworks. It will help if people understand what the purpose of the disruption is.
So far as we can we will seek to influence CEC and SG to ensure that options are maximised for the people of Edinburgh and that people are aware of the timelines for their area.
Important to both the above will be good two-way engagement with the LHEES output. That should be seen as a dialogue not as an inflexible plan.
27 Oct 2023
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Climate X Change (CXC), based at the Edinburgh Climate Change Institute at High School Yards, Edinburgh, is a Scottish Government-funded centre of expertise on climate change. CXC 'commissions research and analysis to support the Scottish Government as it develops policies on adapting to the changing climate and transitioning to net zero'.
I came across this October 2021 paper* (55pp) which offers a detailed assessment of where and why heat pump efficiency can vary widely across the heating season and in different buildings, domestic as well as non-domestic. One standout is that weak user understanding of how to operate heat pumps and weak or imprecise installation design, specification and commissioning can really impair how well they perform, albeit that heat pumps are a mature heating technology.
Poor performance, of course, hits user levels of satisfaction and user behaviour. Amongst the conclusions (at the time) from this piece of work; customer expectations need managed; strong customer support is needed from pre-sale to after-sale; the supply chain needs to focus more on tailored specification and installation, case-by-case.
Here is the Link to the CXC paper, which carries a very useful primer on heat pump technologies.
* Courtesy of the Grange Association, Edinburgh.
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'Don't let it sneak up on you', says Bill Rodger, Trinity CC.
The Communal Bin Hub (CBH) project is rolling out in phases, skirting an earlier failed attempt to introduce it within the World Heritage site.
The core objectives of increasing effective recycling capacity and our overall recycling efficiency requires that each CBH carry twice as many bins. That means combining two sites into one larger site approximately 30ft long.
“Phase 1” covers the north east including Trinity. Phases 2 and 3 are underway and Phase 4 is under ‘consultation’ The following draws on Trinity’s experience. Despite having relatively few tenements and communal bins, the issues arising have prompted a significant response, have absorbed much Community Council and Elected Councillor time and have proved intractable.
Implementation started in December 2022 with bull bars installed in the roadway outside the new locations. Bins were combined inside the bars shortly thereafter. Deeply felt concerns were soon reported.
Complaints included:
Solutions might be found through practical conversations with CEC. However, Trinity residents have not found the project to be easily opened up to discussion and to solutions utilising local knowledge. The CEC process followed appears rigidly obstructive. A limited opportunity afforded in late 2022 to local Councillors to facilitate discussion, which did allow some progress to be made, was subsequently constrained by a report in 2023.
The main lesson to be learned by other CC areas ahead of CBH rollout is this: it's essential that those residents likely to be affected engage early with the consultation and look to understand properly their own situation. Urge them to do so and to take a close look. They should not take ‘general reassurances’ as being sufficient and all they need to know. Of course. it can be a challenge to engage those most affected ahead of problems emerging.
In this programme, CEC’s real objective shouldn’t be the principle behind the CBH project (which is commendable) but rather the search for practical solutions through proper engagement, so as to allow programme completion while minimising the impact on quality- of-life for those unfortunate individual residents staring out at their CBH.
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The Clean Cities Campaign is hosted by Transport & Environment, 'Europe's leading NGO campaigning for cleaner transport'.
A City Ranking survey across 42 major European cities ('the state of shared and zero-emission mobility) ranks on shared bikes and e-scooters, shared electric cars, publicly-available EV charging infrastructure (all per 1000 inhabitants, in Q1 2023) and the percentage of the city's urban bus fleet that is zero emission (data gathered ranges from 2021 to 2023.)
Copenhagen ranks 1/42 with a score of 87% and a grade A. Edinburgh ranked 38/42 with '12% and E', on a par with Birmingham. Glasgow ranked '30% and D'. (Edinburgh was 31/36 in 2022.)
UK city investment in zero emissions is lagging. The UK Climate Change Committee on 28 June rated government action on emissions 'worryingly slow'; 23% of all UK emissions comes from surface transport.
See City Ranking - 2023 focused edition - Clean Cities Campaign and Publications - Climate Change Committee (theccc.org.uk)
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Event: 31 May 2023: Transition Edinburgh / Our Future Edinburgh
Transitioning Edinburgh to Low Carbon Heat Workshop
Facilitated by:
Our Future Edinburgh* – Johanna Carrie: Home - Our Future Edinburgh
Transition Edinburgh* – David Somervell: Transition Edinburgh – Pathways to building a fairer, carbon neutral future
Ben Carter – Vattenfall Edinburgh
John Maslen – Independent renewable energy consultant
Edinburgh Climate Change Institute: Edinburgh Climate Change Institute (ECCI) - Edinburgh Earth Initiative
Objective: To bring together key stakeholders from the public, private and community sectors across the Edinburgh city region to discuss how to make the shift to low carbon heating, a key element for any Net Zero plan.
The main focus was on District Heating networks. Here is a visual indication of the ambition:
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(See https://ramboll.com/energy/district-energy and also
https://netzeroedinburgh.org/turner-townsend-appointed-by-city-of-edinburgh-council-to-drive-decarbonisation-of-buildings-across-the-capital/ )
The Practicalities:
Participants and Reference Points:
UK Energy Research Centre - Jan Webb: UKERC | The UK Energy Research Centre
Scottish Futures Trust – Paul Moseley: Home - Scottish Futures Trust
Scot Gov Heat in Buildings Programme - Drew Murphy: Heat in Buildings programme - Energy efficiency - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)
City of Edinburgh Council Local Heat and Energy Efficiency Strategy (LHEES) – Kyle Drummond: Local Heat and Energy Efficiency Strategy (LHEES) – The City of Edinburgh Council
Sarah Boyack MSP
Aberdeen Heat & Power Co. Ltd – Michael King: Home-v2 - Aberdeen Heat & Power (aberdeenheatandpower.co.uk)
Midlothian Energy Ltd – Owen McGuire: Midlothian - Vattenfall Heat UK
Midlothian Council joint venture to invest £100m in low-carbon energy projects - Midlothian View
Leeds PIPES – Steve Hunt: Home - Leeds PIPES Heating Network (leeds-pipes.co.uk)
The University of Edinburgh Utilities Supply Company: The University of Edinburgh | CHP Energy Installation (vitalenergi.co.uk)
Ener-Vate Consultants – Steve Hunt: District Heating | Ener-Vate
Loco₂gen: Locogen Homepage
More information:
Moving cities to net zero:
Scot Gov First National Assessment on potential Heat Network Zones (Apr 2022):
Potential heat network zones: first national assessment - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)
Scot Gov Community and Renewable Energy Scheme (CARES), managed by Local Energy Scotland: https://localenergy.scot/
See also Energy Saving Trust: https://energysavingtrust.org.uk/programme/community-and-renewable-energy-scheme/
*Transition Edinburgh and Our Future Edinburgh are in the process of forming a local Climate Action Hub (Community work for a fairer (poverty, inequality) and greener Edinburgh).
There are close links to:
Edinburgh Voluntary Organisations Council
EVOC Home - Providing support for Edinburgh's voluntary sector
EVOC Community Climate Forum – Charlie Wright
Community Climate Forum - EVOC
Scottish Communities Climate Action Network (SCCAN – Sarah McArthur) and Transition Scotland Hub:
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Event: 7 Jun 23: CEC Spatial Policy Unit:
Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) Workshop:
(Ruth White, Placemaking and Mobility Strategy and Development Manager, CEC.)
The draft AQAP sits in the delivery channel of the City Mobility Plan, alongside Active Travel, Public Transport, Road Safety and Parking Action Plans. The five sets of proposals are currently out for consultation until 9 July. ( Item 7.5 - Revision to the Air Quality Action Plan - Draft for Consultation.pdf (edinburgh.gov.uk)
In broad terms, there has been progressive improvement in city air quality standards over the past 15 years, but they are ‘nowhere near’ World Health Organisation standards and some ‘trouble spots’ in the city remain. There is increasingly solid recognition of the damage to environment, personal health and welfare arising from pollution. The main local pollutants of concern are nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), to a lesser extent carbon dioxide (CO₂), and fine airborne particulate matter, PM10 and PM2.5 (measuring less than 10 micrometres in diameter and less than 2.5 micrometres respectively).
The overarching legislative drivers come from the Scot Gov Cleaner Air for Scotland Strategy (CAFS) 2, from National Planning Framework 4 and from the National Transport Strategy (National Transport Strategy | Transport Scotland )
There are eight key themes under the AQAP proposals:
Low Emission Zone (LEZ) • Strategic Transport • Behavioural Change to Active Travel • Public Transport • Low Emission Vehicles • 2030 Climate Strategy • Integrated Policies and Guidance • Domestic Emissions.
There is a close convergence here with the broader City Mobility Plan (City Mobility Plan – The City of Edinburgh Council )
The high-cost elements are:
Implementation of the LEZ;
Incorporating AQ considerations into the Public Transport Action Plan, with support for projects to decarbonise the Edinburgh bus fleet;
Improving the St John’s Road / Drumbrae South corridor;
The development of net zero community heating projects;
The development of a Whole House Retrofit (WHR) programme for social housing in the city.
The ‘difficult’ elements relate to personal behaviour change, essentially in car use and in domestic emissions (open fires and wood-burning stoves and the like).
Set in the context of the Net Zero 2030 Climate Strategy, it is difficult to exaggerate the scale of change envisaged for the city. The easy thing is to be cynical about the intent and the effort. However, the direction of travel is clear. The success of the endeavour will rest on funding, human resource at CEC level, the progressive selection of the right priorities on the way, all alongside the right nudges to induce personal behaviour change.
See this CEC Consultation document: Actions to deliver Edinburgh’s City Mobility Plan - City of Edinburgh Council - Citizen Space
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13 Apr 2023: CEC Waste & Cleansing Key Contacts List
Compiled by Angus Murdoch, Technical Coordinator, CEC Place Directorate: 30 March 2023.
Initial reports or enquiries
Use the website where possible. There are a range of webforms for the most common things that people want to do and that’s the best and quickest way to get to the correct team first time.
www.edinburgh.gov.uk is the council website.
The waste landing page lets you do a range of things from reporting a missed bin or request a replacement bin, to register for the garden waste collection or book a special uplift or visit to a household waste recycling centre.
The recycling landing page also has features such as what to put in each bin and our recycling sorter to look up what to do with common items you’re not sure about.
Important Guidelines
Why is waste a problem? sets out why it’s important to reduce waste and, in really simple terms, why recycling is important.
Our waste prevention page provides links to support people reduce their waste production in the first place.
Our real nappies guide provides advice to people considering alternatives to disposables;
Our home composting guide offers advice on how to get started here.
What goes in each bin links to guides, videos, and stair posters for the different services and different bins,
while getting the most from your recycling gives simple advice about common things we’re often asked about or issues we experience;
What happens to your recycling explains where our main recycling and waste streams go and what happens.
The plastics page looks to ease the confusion that exists around those materials, and be clear what you can put in our collections, It also provides advice about other plastics and the various retailer takeback schemes. The soft plastics page give specific information about the retailer takeback schemes for plastic bags and wrappers;
Note also the national recycleyourelectricals website run by the electricals industry. It has a postcode search which gives methods of recycling different items where you live.
Alternatives to website
For many people and many queries, the website is a great resource but we do recognise that some people can’t do that or don’t want to, and we also provide email and telephone contacts:
0131 608 1100 is the phone number for various environmental services (not just waste related enquiries) at the Contact Centre.
Escalated and Formal complaints
The vast majority of enquiries and informal reports and complaints are resolved first time, but sometimes problems persist. The Council also has a two-stage complaints process which lets residents make a formal, logged and reference-numbered complaint.
The contact points for this are:
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30 Mar 2023: Update
From Andres Lices, Senior Engineer, Waste - Communal Bin Review Project Team (23 March):
“Information on the phasing of the project is available on the website.
Phase 4 [including Southside, Newington and Prestonfield] is undergoing the design/planning stage prior to the Traffic Regulation Order (TRO). More information on the timescale of consultation, activities and delivery of each phase will be available at the next report that will be taken to Transport and Environment Committee in May 2023.”
Phase 5 (covering World Heritage Site, City Centre and parts of Inverleith): The TRO process for this phase is currently paused while the Council undertakes a feasibility study of alternative solutions.
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13 Mar 2023: Event: Putting District Heating into action.
Led by Transition Edinburgh ('Pathways to building a fairer, carbon neutral future'), this event offered an illustration of some practical paths to small district / neighbourhood / community heating projects. The slide material isn't available yet, but here are some of the key contact and guidance links for energy help, saving and transition.
Home Energy Scotland – Fixes and funding
We are Local Energy Scotland · Local Energy Scotland – CARES – the Scot Gov Community and Renewable Energy Scheme
Home | Net Zero Nation – Net Zero Scotland – Eat, heat and travel greener.
Transition Edinburgh – Pathways to building a fairer, carbon neutral future - Transition Edinburgh
Upcoming Events – Our Future Edinburgh - Community Climate Action
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